Ilokusi Ekspresif dan Direktif dalam Surat Al-Fatihah: Kajian Sosiopragmatik pada Konteks Ibadah Salat

Abstract

This study examines the illocutionary functions in Surah Al-Fatihah from a pragmatic and sociopragmatic perspective. Language in religious contexts is not only a means of communication but also a medium for expressing spiritual experience and constructing a relationship between humans and God. The objective of this research is to identify and analyze expressive and directive speech acts embedded in Al-Fatihah and to understand their functions within the context of Islamic prayer. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach with an exploratory design. Data were collected through textual analysis, observation of prayer practices, and interviews with informants. The findings reveal that Al-Fatihah is dominated by expressive and directive illocutionary acts, structured systematically into praise (verses 1–4) and supplication (verses 5–7). The transition between these functions reflects a communicative strategy that integrates emotional expression and spiritual request. The study also shows that meaning is strongly influenced by the context of prayer and supported by paralinguistic features such as intonation and recitation style. These findings imply that religious language functions both linguistically and spiritually, contributing to a deeper understanding of pragmatic studies in religious discourse.